Hemorrhoid

From IKE

All human beings have hemorrhoid tissue in the end part of their gastrointestinal tract, since this tissue allows for stretch while pooping. They consist of arteriovenous plexuses, and themselves do not cause symptoms. The symptoms of the commonly referred to hemorrhoids (i.e., the anal disorder) are caused by congestion of the hemorrhoids. This congestion is caused by one of the C's. The major C's are constipation and conception. Other C's include colitis, carcinoma, chronic cough, cirrhosis, congestive failure, Crohn's disease, construction (heavy lifting, straining), or corpulence (obesity).

Hemorrhoids can be either internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids arise above the dentate line and are covered by mucosa. In general, they are not painful, but bleed and discharge mucus. External hemorrhoids arise below the dentate line, and are covered by skin. This type of hemorrhoids is pain sensitive, rarely bleeds, and often thromboses if not treated quickly. They can cause itching secondary to difficulty with local hygiene.

The treatment of hemorrhoids is the removal of the underlying cause. In most cases, that cause is constipation, and so a high fiber diet, exercise and such will help. In the short term, topical agents may help. Options for internal hemorrhoids also include banding, sclerosis or hemorrhoidectomy. Hemorrhoidectomy may also be used for an external presentation. Most cases, however, respond to conservative treatment, and surgery reserved for refractory cases only as the procedure is as painful as it is effective (very).